October 13, 2016

Do Nonresidents Pay Connecticut Income Tax on Powerball Tickets Purchased in Connecticut?

Yes, nonresidents are generally required to pay Connecticut income tax on multistate lottery winnings, including Powerball, if they purchase the winning ticket here.  Specifically, nonresidents must pay Connecticut income taxes on the winnings if (1) they meet the gross income test (i.e., have taxable income that reaches the filing thresholds listed below) and (2) the amount paid is reportable to the IRS (i.e., $600 or more and at least 300 times the amount of the wager).
For the 2016 tax year, the filing threshold is:
  • $12,000 for married people filing separately,
  • $15,000 for single filers,
  • $19,000 for heads of household, and
  • $24,000 for married couples filing jointly or surviving spouses.
By law, the Connecticut Lottery Corporation withholds state income tax from payments of reportable Connecticut lottery winnings, including Powerball winnings (Conn. Agencies Regs. § 12-705(b)-2).

For further information, a 2015 Department of Revenue Services informational publication explains the income tax treatment of state lottery winnings received by residents and nonresidents. 

October 12, 2016

Fuel Oil Grades Explained


Fuel oil grades are generally based on viscosity (i.e., thickness or flow resistance), boiling point, and use. The federal Energy Information Administration (EIA) categorizes fuel oil as distillate (i.e., number 1, number 2, and number 4 fuel oil) or residual (number 5 and number 6 fuel oil). The following table describes each grade as defined in state regulations. Number 3 fuel oil is no longer widely used as a classification.

According to the federal Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), while heavier residual fuel oils contain significant amounts of ash, nitrogen, and sulfur, emissions from fuel oil combustion depend not only on the grade and composition of the fuel, but also on the (1) type and size of the boiler, (2) firing and loading practices, and (3) level of equipment maintenance. For more information, see Table 1.3-1 in EPA’s Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors.

Fuel Oil Grades

Grades
Regulatory Definition and Examples
Number 1
A light distillate fuel oil intended for use in vaporizing pot-type burners. Number 1 fuel oil is used primarily as fuel for portable outdoor stoves and portable outdoor heaters.
Number 2
A distillate fuel oil for use in atomizing-type burners for domestic heating or for moderate capacity commercial-industrial burner units.
Number 4
A fuel oil for commercial burner installations not equipped with preheating facilities that is extensively used in industrial plants. This grade is usually a blend of distillate and residual fuel stocks, but can be a heavy distillate.
Number 5
A residual fuel oil more viscous than number 4 distillate fuel for burners capable of handling a more viscous product. Preheat may be necessary depending upon equipment design and climatic conditions.
Number 6
A high-viscosity fuel oil for commercial and industrial heating and power generation. Preheating is required for satisfactory use. This grade includes (1) heavy-grade residual fuel oil referred to as Bunker C fuel oil and (2) Navy Special, a grade of residual fuel oil for use in steam powered vessels in government service and in shore power plants.
Source: Conn. Agencies Reg., §16a-22c-1